We start by developing a conceptual framework for the macro and micro linkage in the NTM analysis based on the existing literature, and implement gravity estimation methods that add to the state-of-the-art, while considering the specificities from the micro and macro analyses conducted in this project. With a focus on NTMs, we evaluate regional and international agri-food trade and the role of trade agreements by using a gravity estimation approach that combines both macro and micro variables based on WP1 and WP2, building on Kalaba et al (2016) and Gebrehiwet et al (2007). We will systematically investigate NTMs in a cross-country and -product comparison, and look into cross-cutting issues, including the role of institutions, infrastructure, and nonregistered trade. Finally, the results of the macro and micro analyses in WP1 and WP2 are made available to the different stakeholders/actors in order to improve African connectivity and connectedness in local, regional and international markets.